Table of Contents 1 Market Overview 1.1 Biological Dural Repair Introduction 1.2 Market Analysis by Type 1.2.1 Bovine Pericardium Dural Repair 1.2.2 Sheep Pericardium Dural Repair 1.2.3 Pig Pericardium Dural Repair 1.3 Market Analysis by Applications 1.3.1 Hospital 1.3.2 Clinic 1.4 Market Analysis by Regions 1.4.1 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico) 1.4.1.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.1.2 Canada Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.1.3 Mexico Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy) 1.4.2.1 Germany Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.2.2 France Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.2.3 UK Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.2.4 Russia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.2.5 Italy Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia) 1.4.3.1 China Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.3.2 Japan Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.3.3 Korea Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.3.4 India Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.3.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.4 South America, Middle East and Africa 1.4.4.1 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.4.2 Egypt Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.4.4 South Africa Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.4.4.5 Turkey Market States and Outlook (2014-2024) 1.5 Market Dynamics 1.5.1 Market Opportunities 1.5.2 Market Risk 1.5.3 Market Driving Force 2 Manufacturers Profiles 2.1 B Braun 2.1.1 Business Overview 2.1.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.1.2.1 Product A 2.1.2.2 Product B 2.1.3 B Braun Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 2.2 Guanhao Biotech 2.2.1 Business Overview 2.2.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.2.2.1 Product A 2.2.2.2 Product B 2.2.3 Guanhao Biotech Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 2.3 Integra LifeSciences 2.3.1 Business Overview 2.3.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.3.2.1 Product A 2.3.2.2 Product B 2.3.3 Integra LifeSciences Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 2.4 Johson & Johson 2.4.1 Business Overview 2.4.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.4.2.1 Product A 2.4.2.2 Product B 2.4.3 Johson & Johson Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 2.5 Yantai Zhenghai Bio-tech 2.5.1 Business Overview 2.5.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.5.2.1 Product A 2.5.2.2 Product B 2.5.3 Yantai Zhenghai Bio-tech Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 2.6 Cook Biotech Incorporated 2.6.1 Business Overview 2.6.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.6.2.1 Product A 2.6.2.2 Product B 2.6.3 Cook Biotech Incorporated Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 2.7 Medtronic 2.7.1 Business Overview 2.7.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.7.2.1 Product A 2.7.2.2 Product B 2.7.3 Medtronic Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 2.8 Gunze 2.8.1 Business Overview 2.8.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.8.2.1 Product A 2.8.2.2 Product B 2.8.3 Gunze Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 2.9 Beijing TianXinFu Medical Appliance 2.9.1 Business Overview 2.9.2 Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications 2.9.2.1 Product A 2.9.2.2 Product B 2.9.3 Beijing TianXinFu Medical Appliance Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) 3 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue, Market Share and Competition by Manufacturer (2017-2018) 3.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018) 3.2 Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2017-2018) 3.3 Market Concentration Rate 3.3.1 Top 3 Biological Dural Repair Manufacturer Market Share in 2018 3.3.2 Top 6 Biological Dural Repair Manufacturer Market Share in 2018 3.4 Market Competition Trend 4 Global Biological Dural Repair Market Analysis by Regions 4.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions 4.1.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019) 4.1.2 Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019) 4.2 North America Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 4.3 Europe Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 4.4 Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 4.5 South America Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 4.6 Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 5 North America Biological Dural Repair by Country 5.1 North America Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 5.1.1 North America Biological Dural Repair Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 5.1.2 North America Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 5.2 United States Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 5.3 Canada Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 5.4 Mexico Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 6 Europe Biological Dural Repair by Country 6.1 Europe Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 6.1.1 Europe Biological Dural Repair Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 6.1.2 Europe Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 6.2 Germany Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 6.3 UK Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 6.4 France Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 6.5 Russia Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 6.6 Italy Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 7 Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair by Country 7.1 Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 7.1.1 Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 7.1.2 Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 7.2 China Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 7.3 Japan Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 7.4 Korea Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 7.5 India Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 7.6 Southeast Asia Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 8 South America Biological Dural Repair by Country 8.1 South America Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 8.1.1 South America Biological Dural Repair Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 8.1.2 South America Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 8.2 Brazil Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 8.3 Argentina Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 8.4 Colombia Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 9 Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair by Countries 9.1 Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Country 9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Market Share by Country (2014-2019) 9.2 Saudi Arabia Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 9.3 Turkey Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 9.4 Egypt Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 9.5 Nigeria Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 9.6 South Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 10 Global Biological Dural Repair Market Segment by Type 10.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 10.1.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 10.1.2 Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Market Share by Type (2014-2019) 10.2 Bovine Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth and Price 10.2.1 Global Bovine Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth (2014-2019) 10.2.2 Global Bovine Pericardium Dural Repair Price (2014-2019) 10.3 Sheep Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth and Price 10.3.1 Global Sheep Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth (2014-2019) 10.3.2 Global Sheep Pericardium Dural Repair Price (2014-2019) 10.4 Pig Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth and Price 10.4.1 Global Pig Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth (2014-2019) 10.4.2 Global Pig Pericardium Dural Repair Price (2014-2019) 11 Global Biological Dural Repair Market Segment by Application 11.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Application (2014-2019) 11.2 Hospital Sales Growth (2014-2019) 11.3 Clinic Sales Growth (2014-2019) 12 Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) 12.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024) 12.2 Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast by Regions (2019-2024) 12.2.1 North America Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) 12.2.2 Europe Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) 12.2.3 Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) 12.2.4 South America Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) 12.2.5 Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) 12.3 Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast by Type (2019-2024) 12.3.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024) 12.3.2 Global Biological Dural Repair Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024) 12.4 Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast by Application (2019-2024) 12.4.1 Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024) 12.4.2 Global Biological Dural Repair Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024) 13 Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers 13.1 Sales Channel 13.1.1 Direct Marketing 13.1.2 Indirect Marketing 13.1.3 Marketing Channel Future Trend 13.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers 14 Research Findings and Conclusion 15 Appendix 15.1 Methodology 15.2 Data Source

List of Tables and Figures Figure Biological Dural Repair Picture Table Product Specifications of Biological Dural Repair Figure Global Sales Market Share of Biological Dural Repair by Types in 2018 Table Biological Dural Repair Types for Major Manufacturers Figure Bovine Pericardium Dural Repair Picture Figure Sheep Pericardium Dural Repair Picture Figure Pig Pericardium Dural Repair Picture Figure Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Applications in 2018 Figure Hospital Picture Figure Clinic Picture Figure United States Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Canada Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Mexico Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Germany Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure France Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure UK Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Russia Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Italy Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure China Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Japan Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Korea Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure India Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Southeast Asia Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Brazil Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Egypt Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Saudi Arabia Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure South Africa Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Figure Nigeria Biological Dural Repair Revenue (Value) and Growth Rate (2014-2024) Table B Braun Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table B Braun Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table B Braun Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Guanhao Biotech Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table Guanhao Biotech Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table Guanhao Biotech Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Integra LifeSciences Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table Integra LifeSciences Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table Integra LifeSciences Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Johson & Johson Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table Johson & Johson Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table Johson & Johson Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Yantai Zhenghai Bio-tech Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table Yantai Zhenghai Bio-tech Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table Yantai Zhenghai Bio-tech Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Cook Biotech Incorporated Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table Cook Biotech Incorporated Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table Cook Biotech Incorporated Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Medtronic Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table Medtronic Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table Medtronic Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Gunze Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table Gunze Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table Gunze Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Beijing TianXinFu Medical Appliance Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors Table Beijing TianXinFu Medical Appliance Biological Dural Repair Type and Applications Table Beijing TianXinFu Medical Appliance Biological Dural Repair Sales, Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2017-2018) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales by Manufacturer (2017-2018) Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017 Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Manufacturer in 2018 Table Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue by Manufacturer (2017-2018) Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2017 Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Manufacturer in 2018 Figure Top 3 Biological Dural Repair Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018 Figure Top 6 Biological Dural Repair Manufacturer (Revenue) Market Share in 2018 Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales by Regions (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Regions (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue by Regions (2014-2019) Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Regions (2014-2019) Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2018 Figure North America Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Europe Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure South America Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure North America Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table North America Biological Dural Repair Sales by Countries (2014-2019) Table North America Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure North America Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure North America Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018 Table North America Biological Dural Repair Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) Table North America Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure North America Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure North America Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018 Figure United States Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Canada Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Mexico Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Europe Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Europe Biological Dural Repair Sales by Countries (2014-2019) Table Europe Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Table Europe Biological Dural Repair Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) Figure Europe Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure Europe Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018 Figure Germany Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure UK Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure France Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Russia Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Italy Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Sales by Countries (2014-2019) Table Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries 2018 Table Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) Figure Asia-Pacific Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries 2018 Figure China Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Japan Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Korea Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure India Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Southeast Asia Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure South America Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table South America Biological Dural Repair Sales by Countries (2014-2019) Table South America Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure South America Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018 Table South America Biological Dural Repair Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) Table South America Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure South America Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018 Figure Brazil Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Argentina Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Colombia Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Revenue and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales by Countries (2014-2019) Table Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales Market Share by Countries in 2018 Table Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Revenue by Countries (2014-2019) Table Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries (2014-2019) Figure Middle East and Africa Biological Dural Repair Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2018 Figure Saudi Arabia Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure UAE Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Egypt Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure Nigeria Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Figure South Africa Biological Dural Repair Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Share by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue by Type (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Revenue Share by Type (2014-2019) Figure Global Bovine Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth (2014-2019) Figure Global Bovine Pericardium Dural Repair Price (2014-2019) Figure Global Sheep Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth (2014-2019) Figure Global Sheep Pericardium Dural Repair Price (2014-2019) Figure Global Pig Pericardium Dural Repair Sales Growth (2014-2019) Figure Global Pig Pericardium Dural Repair Price (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales by Application (2014-2019) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Share by Application (2014-2019) Figure Global Hospital Sales Growth (2014-2019) Figure Global Clinic Sales Growth (2014-2019) Figure Global Biological Dural Repair Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2019-2024) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Forecast by Regions (2019-2024) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Market Share Forecast by Regions (2019-2024) Figure North America Sales Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) Figure Europe Sales Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) Figure Asia-Pacific Sales Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) Figure South America Sales Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) Figure Middle East and Africa Sales Biological Dural Repair Market Forecast (2019-2024) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Forecast by Type (2019-2024) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Market Share Forecast by Type (2019-2024) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Sales Forecast by Application (2019-2024) Table Global Biological Dural Repair Market Share Forecast by Application (2019-2024) Table Distributors/Traders/ Dealers List

B Braun Guanhao Biotech Integra LifeSciences Johson & Johson Yantai Zhenghai Bio-tech Cook Biotech Incorporated Medtronic Gunze Beijing TianXinFu Medical Appliance