1 Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Cast Iron Ball Valves 1.2 Cast Iron Ball Valves Segment by Type 1.2.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Size Growth Rate Analysis by Type 2021 VS 2027 1.2.2 Screwed Cast Iron Ball Valve 1.2.3 Flanged Cast Iron Ball Valve 1.3 Cast Iron Ball Valves Segment by Application 1.3.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 1.3.2 Commercial 1.3.3 Industrial 1.3.4 Others 1.4 Global Market Growth Prospects 1.4.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027) 1.4.2 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027) 1.5 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Market by Region 1.5.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 1.5.2 North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027) 1.5.3 Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027) 1.5.5 China Cast Iron Ball Valves Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027) 1.5.5 Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Estimates and Forecasts (2016-2027) 2 Market Competition by Manufacturers 2.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021) 2.2 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021) 2.3 Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) 2.4 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Average Price by Manufacturers (2016-2021) 2.5 Manufacturers Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types 2.6 Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Competitive Situation and Trends 2.6.1 Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Concentration Rate 2.6.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Cast Iron Ball Valves Players Market Share by Revenue 2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 3 Production and Capacity by Region 3.1 Global Production of Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Share by Region (2016-2021) 3.2 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021) 3.3 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.4 North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Production 3.4.1 North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.4.2 North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.5 Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Production 3.5.1 Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.5.2 Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.6 China Cast Iron Ball Valves Production 3.6.1 China Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.6.2 China Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 3.7 Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Production 3.7.1 Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Growth Rate (2016-2021) 3.7.2 Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 4 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Region 4.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Region 4.1.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Region 4.1.2 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Region 4.2 North America 4.2.1 North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Country 4.2.2 U.S. 4.2.3 Canada 4.3 Europe 4.3.1 Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Country 4.3.2 Germany 4.3.3 France 4.3.4 U.K. 4.3.5 Italy 4.3.6 Russia 4.4 Asia Pacific 4.4.1 Asia Pacific Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Region 4.4.2 China 4.4.3 Japan 4.4.4 South Korea 4.4.5 Taiwan 4.4.6 Southeast Asia 4.4.7 India 4.4.8 Australia 4.5 Latin America 4.5.1 Latin America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Country 4.5.2 Mexico 4.5.3 Brazil 5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type 5.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021) 5.2 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021) 5.3 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Price by Type (2016-2021) 6 Consumption Analysis by Application 6.1 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021) 6.2 Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021) 7 Key Companies Profiled 7.1 Tecofi 7.1.1 Tecofi Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information 7.1.2 Tecofi Cast Iron Ball Valves Product Portfolio 7.1.3 Tecofi Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 7.1.4 Tecofi Main Business and Markets Served 7.1.5 Tecofi Recent Developments/Updates 7.2 KITZ 7.2.1 KITZ Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information 7.2.2 KITZ Cast Iron Ball Valves Product Portfolio 7.2.3 KITZ Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 7.2.4 KITZ Main Business and Markets Served 7.2.5 KITZ Recent Developments/Updates 7.3 Davis Valve 7.3.1 Davis Valve Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information 7.3.2 Davis Valve Cast Iron Ball Valves Product Portfolio 7.3.3 Davis Valve Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 7.3.4 Davis Valve Main Business and Markets Served 7.3.5 Davis Valve Recent Developments/Updates 7.4 Valtorc 7.4.1 Valtorc Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information 7.4.2 Valtorc Cast Iron Ball Valves Product Portfolio 7.4.3 Valtorc Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 7.4.4 Valtorc Main Business and Markets Served 7.4.5 Valtorc Recent Developments/Updates 7.5 Isis Fluid Control 7.5.1 Isis Fluid Control Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information 7.5.2 Isis Fluid Control Cast Iron Ball Valves Product Portfolio 7.5.3 Isis Fluid Control Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 7.5.4 Isis Fluid Control Main Business and Markets Served 7.5.5 Isis Fluid Control Recent Developments/Updates 7.6 LK Valves 7.6.1 LK Valves Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information 7.6.2 LK Valves Cast Iron Ball Valves Product Portfolio 7.6.3 LK Valves Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2016-2021) 7.6.4 LK Valves Main Business and Markets Served 7.6.5 LK Valves Recent Developments/Updates 8 Cast Iron Ball Valves Manufacturing Cost Analysis 8.1 Cast Iron Ball Valves Key Raw Materials Analysis 8.1.1 Key Raw Materials 8.1.2 Key Raw Materials Price Trend 8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure 8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Cast Iron Ball Valves 8.4 Cast Iron Ball Valves Industrial Chain Analysis 9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers 9.1 Marketing Channel 9.2 Cast Iron Ball Valves Distributors List 9.3 Cast Iron Ball Valves Customers 10 Market Dynamics 10.1 Cast Iron Ball Valves Industry Trends 10.2 Cast Iron Ball Valves Growth Drivers 10.3 Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Challenges 10.4 Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Restraints 11 Production and Supply Forecast 11.1 Global Forecasted Production of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Region (2022-2027) 11.2 North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 11.3 Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 11.4 China Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 11.5 Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Production, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027) 12 Consumption and Demand Forecast 12.1 Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Cast Iron Ball Valves 12.2 North America Forecasted Consumption of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Country 12.3 Europe Market Forecasted Consumption of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Country 12.4 Asia Pacific Market Forecasted Consumption of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Region 12.5 Latin America Forecasted Consumption of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Country 13 Forecast by Type and by Application (2022-2027) 13.1 Global Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) 13.1.1 Global Forecasted Production of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Type (2022-2027) 13.1.2 Global Forecasted Revenue of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Type (2022-2027) 13.1.3 Global Forecasted Price of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Type (2022-2027) 13.2 Global Forecasted Consumption of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Application (2022-2027) 14 Research Finding and Conclusion 15 Methodology and Data Source 15.1 Methodology/Research Approach 15.1.1 Research Programs/Design 15.1.2 Market Size Estimation 15.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 15.2 Data Source 15.2.1 Secondary Sources 15.2.2 Primary Sources 15.3 Author List 15.4 Disclaimer

List of Tables Table 1. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Size by Type (K Units) & (US$ Million) (2021 VS 2027) Table 2. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption (K Units) Comparison by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 3. Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Size Comparison by Region: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 4. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Capacity (K Units) by Manufacturers Table 5. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) by Manufacturers (2016-2021) Table 6. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Market Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021) Table 7. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million) by Manufacturers (2016-2021) Table 8. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016-2021) Table 9. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Cast Iron Ball Valves as of 2020) Table 10. Global Market Cast Iron Ball Valves Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers (2016-2021) Table 11. Manufacturers Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Sites and Area Served Table 12. Manufacturers Cast Iron Ball Valves Product Types Table 13. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Table 14. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021) Table 15. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) by Region (2016-2021) Table 16. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million) by Region (2016-2021) Table 17. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Market Share by Region (2016-2021) Table 18. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Capacity (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 19. North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 20. Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 21. China Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 22. Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 23. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units) Table 24. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021) Table 25. North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units) Table 26. Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Country (2016-2021) & (K Units) Table 27. Asia Pacific Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Region (2016-2021) & (K Units) Table 28. Latin America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Countries (2016-2021) & (K Units) Table 29. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) by Type (2016-2021) Table 30. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Market Share by Type (2016-2021) Table 31. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million) by Type (2016-2021) Table 32. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Share by Type (2016-2021) Table 33. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Price (USD/Unit) by Type (2016-2021) Table 34. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption by Application (2016-2021) & (K Units) Table 35. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021) Table 36. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021) Table 37. Tecofi Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information Table 38. Tecofi Specification and Application Table 39. Tecofi Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 40. Tecofi Main Business and Markets Served Table 41. Tecofi Recent Developments/Updates Table 42. KITZ Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information Table 43. KITZ Specification and Application Table 44. KITZ Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 45. KITZ Main Business and Markets Served Table 46. KITZ Recent Developments/Updates Table 47. Davis Valve Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information Table 48. Davis Valve Specification and Application Table 49. Davis Valve Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 50. Davis Valve Main Business and Markets Served Table 51. Davis Valve Recent Developments/Updates Table 52. Valtorc Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information Table 53. Valtorc Specification and Application Table 54. Valtorc Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 55. Valtorc Main Business and Markets Served Table 56. Valtorc Recent Developments/Updates Table 57. Isis Fluid Control Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information Table 58. Isis Fluid Control Specification and Application Table 59. Isis Fluid Control Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 60. Isis Fluid Control Main Business and Markets Served Table 61. Isis Fluid Control Recent Developments/Updates Table 62. LK Valves Cast Iron Ball Valves Corporation Information Table 63. LK Valves Specification and Application Table 64. LK Valves Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units), Revenue (US$ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2016-2021) Table 65. LK Valves Main Business and Markets Served Table 66. LK Valves Recent Developments/Updates Table 67. Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material Table 68. Key Suppliers of Raw Materials Table 69. Cast Iron Ball Valves Distributors List Table 70. Cast Iron Ball Valves Customers List Table 71. Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Trends Table 72. Cast Iron Ball Valves Growth Drivers Table 73. Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Challenges Table 74. Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Restraints Table 75. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Forecast by Region (2022-2027) Table 76. North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units) Table 77. Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units) Table 78. Asia Pacific Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Forecast by Region (2022-2027) & (K Units) Table 79. Latin America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Forecast by Country (2022-2027) & (K Units) Table 80. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (K Units) Table 81. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 82. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027) & (USD/Unit) Table 83. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption (K Units) Forecast by Application (2022-2027) Table 84. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 85. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 86. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Product Picture of Cast Iron Ball Valves Figure 2. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Share by Type: 2020 VS 2027 Figure 3. Screwed Cast Iron Ball Valve Product Picture Figure 4. Flanged Cast Iron Ball Valve Product Picture Figure 5. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2027 Figure 6. Commercial Figure 7. Industrial Figure 8. Others Figure 9. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Figure 10. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million) (2016-2027) Figure 11. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Capacity (K Units) & (2016-2027) Figure 12. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) & (2016-2027) Figure 13. North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 14. Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 15. China Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 16. Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 17. Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Figure 18. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Share by Manufacturers in 2020 Figure 19. Cast Iron Ball Valves Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020 Figure 20. Global Market Cast Iron Ball Valves Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Manufacturers in 2020 Figure 21. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue in 2020 Figure 22. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Market Share by Region (2016-2021) Figure 23. North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021) Figure 24. Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021) Figure 25. China Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021) Figure 26. Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate (2016-2021) Figure 27. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Region (2016-2021) Figure 28. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Region in 2020 Figure 29. North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 30. North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020 Figure 31. Canada Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 32. U.S. Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 33. Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 34. Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020 Figure 35. Germany America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 36. France Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 37. U.K. Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 38. Italy Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 39. Russia Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 40. Asia Pacific Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 41. Asia Pacific Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2020 Figure 42. China Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 43. Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 44. South Korea Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 45. Taiwan Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 46. Southeast Asia Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 47. India Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 48. Australia Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 49. Latin America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 50. Latin America Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Country in 2020 Figure 51. Mexico Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 52. Brazil Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption and Growth Rate (2016-2021) & (K Units) Figure 53. Production Market Share of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Type (2016-2021) Figure 54. Production Market Share of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Type in 2020 Figure 55. Revenue Share of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Type (2016-2021) Figure 56. Revenue Market Share of Cast Iron Ball Valves by Type in 2020 Figure 57. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Application (2016-2021) Figure 58. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Market Share by Application in 2020 Figure 59. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2016-2021) Figure 60. Key Raw Materials Price Trend Figure 61. Manufacturing Cost Structure of Cast Iron Ball Valves Figure 62. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Cast Iron Ball Valves Figure 63. Cast Iron Ball Valves Industrial Chain Analysis Figure 64. Channels of Distribution Figure 65. Distributors Profiles Figure 66. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2022-2027) Figure 67. North America Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027) Figure 68. Europe Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027) Figure 69. China Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027) Figure 70. Japan Cast Iron Ball Valves Production (K Units) Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027) Figure 71. Global Forecasted Demand Analysis of Cast Iron Ball Valves (2015-2027) & (K Units) Figure 72. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Production Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027) Figure 73. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2022-2027) Figure 74. Global Cast Iron Ball Valves Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027) Figure 75. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 76. Data Triangulation

Tecofi KITZ Davis Valve Valtorc Isis Fluid Control LK Valves