1 Market Overview of FM Software 1.1 FM Software Market Overview 1.1.1 FM Software Product Scope 1.1.2 FM Software Market Status and Outlook 1.2 Global FM Software Market Size Overview by Region 2016 VS 2021VS 2027 1.3 Global FM Software Market Size by Region (2016-2027) 1.4 Global FM Software Historic Market Size by Region (2016-2021) 1.5 Global FM Software Market Size Forecast by Region (2022-2027) 1.6 Key Regions, FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.1 North America FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.2 Europe FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.3 Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.4 Latin America FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) 1.6.5 Middle East & Africa FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) 2 FM Software Market Overview by Type 2.1 Global FM Software Market Size by Type: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 2.2 Global FM Software Historic Market Size by Type (2016-2021) 2.3 Global FM Software Forecasted Market Size by Type (2022-2027) 2.4 Cloud Based 2.5 On-Premises 3 FM Software Market Overview by Application 3.1 Global FM Software Market Size by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 3.2 Global FM Software Historic Market Size by Application (2016-2021) 3.3 Global FM Software Forecasted Market Size by Application (2022-2027) 3.4 SMEs 3.5 Large Enterprises 4 FM Software Competition Analysis by Players 4.1 Global FM Software Market Size by Players (2016-2021) 4.2 Global Top Players by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in FM Software as of 2020) 4.3 Date of Key Players Enter into FM Software Market 4.4 Global Top Players FM Software Headquarters and Area Served 4.5 Key Players FM Software Product Solution and Service 4.6 Competitive Status 4.6.1 FM Software Market Concentration Rate 4.6.2 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 5 Company (Top Players) Profiles and Key Data 5.1 IBM 5.1.1 IBM Profile 5.1.2 IBM Main Business 5.1.3 IBM FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.1.4 IBM FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.1.5 IBM Recent Developments 5.2 Oracle 5.2.1 Oracle Profile 5.2.2 Oracle Main Business 5.2.3 Oracle FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.2.4 Oracle FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.2.5 Oracle Recent Developments 5.3 SAP 5.3.1 SAP Profile 5.3.2 SAP Main Business 5.3.3 SAP FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.3.4 SAP FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.3.5 Archibus Recent Developments 5.4 Archibus 5.4.1 Archibus Profile 5.4.2 Archibus Main Business 5.4.3 Archibus FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.4.4 Archibus FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.4.5 Archibus Recent Developments 5.5 Trimble 5.5.1 Trimble Profile 5.5.2 Trimble Main Business 5.5.3 Trimble FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.5.4 Trimble FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.5.5 Trimble Recent Developments 5.6 Broadcom 5.6.1 Broadcom Profile 5.6.2 Broadcom Main Business 5.6.3 Broadcom FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.6.4 Broadcom FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.6.5 Broadcom Recent Developments 5.7 Accruent 5.7.1 Accruent Profile 5.7.2 Accruent Main Business 5.7.3 Accruent FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.7.4 Accruent FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.7.5 Accruent Recent Developments 5.8 Planon 5.8.1 Planon Profile 5.8.2 Planon Main Business 5.8.3 Planon FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.8.4 Planon FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.8.5 Planon Recent Developments 5.9 FM:Systems 5.9.1 FM:Systems Profile 5.9.2 FM:Systems Main Business 5.9.3 FM:Systems FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.9.4 FM:Systems FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.9.5 FM:Systems Recent Developments 5.10 Ioffice 5.10.1 Ioffice Profile 5.10.2 Ioffice Main Business 5.10.3 Ioffice FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.10.4 Ioffice FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.10.5 Ioffice Recent Developments 5.11 Maintenance Connection 5.11.1 Maintenance Connection Profile 5.11.2 Maintenance Connection Main Business 5.11.3 Maintenance Connection FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.11.4 Maintenance Connection FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.11.5 Maintenance Connection Recent Developments 5.12 MCS Solutions 5.12.1 MCS Solutions Profile 5.12.2 MCS Solutions Main Business 5.12.3 MCS Solutions FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.12.4 MCS Solutions FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.12.5 MCS Solutions Recent Developments 5.13 Jadetrack 5.13.1 Jadetrack Profile 5.13.2 Jadetrack Main Business 5.13.3 Jadetrack FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.13.4 Jadetrack FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.13.5 Jadetrack Recent Developments 5.14 Metricstream 5.14.1 Metricstream Profile 5.14.2 Metricstream Main Business 5.14.3 Metricstream FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.14.4 Metricstream FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.14.5 Metricstream Recent Developments 5.15 Facilities Management Express 5.15.1 Facilities Management Express Profile 5.15.2 Facilities Management Express Main Business 5.15.3 Facilities Management Express FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.15.4 Facilities Management Express FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.15.5 Facilities Management Express Recent Developments 5.16 Emaint 5.16.1 Emaint Profile 5.16.2 Emaint Main Business 5.16.3 Emaint FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.16.4 Emaint FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.16.5 Emaint Recent Developments 5.17 Hippo Cmms 5.17.1 Hippo Cmms Profile 5.17.2 Hippo Cmms Main Business 5.17.3 Hippo Cmms FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.17.4 Hippo Cmms FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.17.5 Hippo Cmms Recent Developments 5.18 Apleona 5.18.1 Apleona Profile 5.18.2 Apleona Main Business 5.18.3 Apleona FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.18.4 Apleona FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.18.5 Apleona Recent Developments 5.19 FSI 5.19.1 FSI Profile 5.19.2 FSI Main Business 5.19.3 FSI FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.19.4 FSI FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.19.5 FSI Recent Developments 5.20 Indus Systems 5.20.1 Indus Systems Profile 5.20.2 Indus Systems Main Business 5.20.3 Indus Systems FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.20.4 Indus Systems FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.20.5 Indus Systems Recent Developments 5.21 Autodesk 5.21.1 Autodesk Profile 5.21.2 Autodesk Main Business 5.21.3 Autodesk FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.21.4 Autodesk FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.21.5 Autodesk Recent Developments 5.22 Nemetschek 5.22.1 Nemetschek Profile 5.22.2 Nemetschek Main Business 5.22.3 Nemetschek FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.22.4 Nemetschek FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.22.5 Nemetschek Recent Developments 5.23 Archidata 5.23.1 Archidata Profile 5.23.2 Archidata Main Business 5.23.3 Archidata FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.23.4 Archidata FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.23.5 Archidata Recent Developments 5.24 Officespace 5.24.1 Officespace Profile 5.24.2 Officespace Main Business 5.24.3 Officespace FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.24.4 Officespace FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.24.5 Officespace Recent Developments 5.25 Facilityone Technologies 5.25.1 Facilityone Technologies Profile 5.25.2 Facilityone Technologies Main Business 5.25.3 Facilityone Technologies FM Software Products, Services and Solutions 5.25.4 Facilityone Technologies FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) & (2016-2021) 5.25.5 Facilityone Technologies Recent Developments 6 North America 6.1 North America FM Software Market Size by Country (2016-2027) 6.2 United States 6.3 Canada 7 Europe 7.1 Europe FM Software Market Size by Country (2016-2027) 7.2 Germany 7.3 France 7.4 U.K. 7.5 Italy 7.6 Russia 7.7 Nordic 7.8 Rest of Europe 8 Asia-Pacific 8.1 Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Size by Region (2016-2027) 8.2 China 8.3 Japan 8.4 South Korea 8.5 Southeast Asia 8.6 India 8.7 Australia 8.8 Rest of Asia-Pacific 9 Latin America 9.1 Latin America FM Software Market Size by Country (2016-2027) 9.2 Mexico 9.3 Brazil 9.4 Rest of Latin America 10 Middle East & Africa 10.1 Middle East & Africa FM Software Market Size by Country (2016-2027) 10.2 Turkey 10.3 Saudi Arabia 10.4 UAE 10.5 Rest of Middle East & Africa 11 FM Software Market Dynamics 11.1 FM Software Industry Trends 11.2 FM Software Market Drivers 11.3 FM Software Market Challenges 11.4 FM Software Market Restraints 12 Research Finding /Conclusion 13 Methodology and Data Source 13.1 Methodology/Research Approach 13.1.1 Research Programs/Design 13.1.2 Market Size Estimation 13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation 13.2 Data Source 13.2.1 Secondary Sources 13.2.2 Primary Sources 13.3 Disclaimer 13.4 Author List

List of Tables Table 1. Global Market FM Software Market Size (US$ Million) Comparison by Region 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 2. Global FM Software Market Size by Region (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 3. Global FM Software Market Size Share by Region (2016-2021) Table 4. Global FM Software Forecasted Market Size by Region (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 5. Global FM Software Forecasted Market Size Share by Region (2022-2027) Table 6. Global FM Software Market Size (US$ Million) by Type: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 7. Global FM Software Market Size by Type (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 8. Global FM Software Revenue Market Share by Type (2016-2021) Table 9. Global FM Software Forecasted Market Size by Type (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 10. Global FM Software Revenue Market Share by Type (2022-2027) Table 11. Global FM Software Market Size (US$ Million) by Application: 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Table 12. Global FM Software Market Size by Application (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 13. Global FM Software Revenue Market Share by Application (2016-2021) Table 14. Global FM Software Forecasted Market Size by Application (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 15. Global FM Software Revenue Market Share by Application (2022-2027) Table 16. Global FM Software Revenue (US$ Million) by Players (2016-2021) Table 17. Global FM Software Revenue Market Share by Players (2016-2021) Table 18. Global Top Manufacturers Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in FM Software as of 2020) Table 19. Date of Key Manufacturers Enter into FM Software Market Table 20. Global FM Software Top Players Headquarters and Area Served Table 21. FM Software Product Solution and Service Table 22. Global FM Software Players Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 23. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table 24. IBM Basic Information List Table 25. IBM Description and Business Overview Table 26. IBM FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 27. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of IBM (2016-2021) Table 28. IBM Recent Developments Table 29. Oracle Basic Information List Table 30. Oracle Description and Business Overview Table 31. Oracle FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 32. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Oracle (2016-2021) Table 33. Oracle Recent Developments Table 34. SAP Basic Information List Table 35. SAP Description and Business Overview Table 36. SAP FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 37. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of SAP (2016-2021) Table 38. SAP Recent Developments Table 39. Archibus Basic Information List Table 40. Archibus Description and Business Overview Table 41. Archibus FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 42. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Archibus (2016-2021) Table 43. Archibus Recent Developments Table 44. Trimble Basic Information List Table 45. Trimble Description and Business Overview Table 46. Trimble FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 47. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Trimble (2016-2021) Table 48. Trimble Recent Developments Table 49. Broadcom Basic Information List Table 50. Broadcom Description and Business Overview Table 51. Broadcom FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 52. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Broadcom (2016-2021) Table 53. Broadcom Recent Developments Table 54. Accruent Basic Information List Table 55. Accruent Description and Business Overview Table 56. Accruent FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 57. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Accruent (2016-2021) Table 58. Accruent Recent Developments Table 59. Planon Basic Information List Table 60. Planon Description and Business Overview Table 61. Planon FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 62. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Planon (2016-2021) Table 63. Planon Recent Developments Table 64. FM:Systems Basic Information List Table 65. FM:Systems Description and Business Overview Table 66. FM:Systems FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 67. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of FM:Systems (2016-2021) Table 68. FM:Systems Recent Developments Table 69. Ioffice Basic Information List Table 70. Ioffice Description and Business Overview Table 71. Ioffice FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 72. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Ioffice (2016-2021) Table 73. Ioffice Recent Developments Table 74. Maintenance Connection Basic Information List Table 75. Maintenance Connection Description and Business Overview Table 76. Maintenance Connection FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 77. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Maintenance Connection (2016-2021) Table 78. Maintenance Connection Recent Developments Table 79. MCS Solutions Basic Information List Table 80. MCS Solutions Description and Business Overview Table 81. MCS Solutions FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 82. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of MCS Solutions (2016-2021) Table 83. MCS Solutions Recent Developments Table 84. Jadetrack Basic Information List Table 85. Jadetrack Description and Business Overview Table 86. Jadetrack FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 87. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Jadetrack (2016-2021) Table 88. Jadetrack Recent Developments Table 89. Metricstream Basic Information List Table 90. Metricstream Description and Business Overview Table 91. Metricstream FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 92. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Metricstream (2016-2021) Table 93. Metricstream Recent Developments Table 94. Facilities Management Express Basic Information List Table 95. Facilities Management Express Description and Business Overview Table 96. Facilities Management Express FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 97. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Facilities Management Express (2016-2021) Table 98. Facilities Management Express Recent Developments Table 99. Emaint Basic Information List Table 100. Emaint Description and Business Overview Table 101. Emaint FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 102. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Emaint (2016-2021) Table 103. Emaint Recent Developments Table 104. Hippo Cmms Basic Information List Table 105. Hippo Cmms Description and Business Overview Table 106. Hippo Cmms FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 107. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Hippo Cmms (2016-2021) Table 108. Hippo Cmms Recent Developments Table 109. Apleona Basic Information List Table 110. Apleona Description and Business Overview Table 111. Apleona FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 112. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Apleona (2016-2021) Table 113. Apleona Recent Developments Table 114. FSI Basic Information List Table 115. FSI Description and Business Overview Table 116. FSI FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 117. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of FSI (2016-2021) Table 118. FSI Recent Developments Table 119. Indus Systems Basic Information List Table 120. Indus Systems Description and Business Overview Table 121. Indus Systems FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 122. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Indus Systems (2016-2021) Table 123. Indus Systems Recent Developments Table 124. Autodesk Basic Information List Table 125. Autodesk Description and Business Overview Table 126. Autodesk FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 127. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Autodesk (2016-2021) Table 128. Autodesk Recent Developments Table 129. Nemetschek Basic Information List Table 130. Nemetschek Description and Business Overview Table 131. Nemetschek FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 132. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Nemetschek (2016-2021) Table 133. Nemetschek Recent Developments Table 134. Archidata Basic Information List Table 135. Archidata Description and Business Overview Table 136. Archidata FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 137. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Archidata (2016-2021) Table 138. Archidata Recent Developments Table 139. Officespace Basic Information List Table 140. Officespace Description and Business Overview Table 141. Officespace FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 142. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Officespace (2016-2021) Table 143. Officespace Recent Developments Table 144. Facilityone Technologies Basic Information List Table 145. Facilityone Technologies Description and Business Overview Table 146. Facilityone Technologies FM Software Products, Services and Solutions Table 147. Revenue (US$ Million) in FM Software Business of Facilityone Technologies (2016-2021) Table 148. Facilityone Technologies Recent Developments Table 149. North America FM Software Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 150. North America FM Software Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 151. Europe FM Software Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 152. Europe FM Software Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 153. Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Size by Region (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 154. Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Size by Region (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 155. Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Share by Region (2016-2021) Table 156. Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Share by Region (2022-2027) Table 157. Latin America FM Software Market Size by Country (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 158. Latin America FM Software Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 159. Middle East & Africa FM Software Market Size by Players (2016-2021) & (US$ Million) Table 160. Middle East & Africa FM Software Market Size by Country (2022-2027) & (US$ Million) Table 161. FM Software Market Trends Table 162. FM Software Market Drivers Table 163. FM Software Market Challenges Table 164. FM Software Market Restraints Table 165. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 166. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 167. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Global FM Software Market Size Year-over-Year 2016-2027 & (US$ Million) Figure 2. Global FM Software Market Size (US$ Million), 2016 VS 2021 VS 2027 Figure 3. Global FM Software Market Share by Regions: 2021 VS 2027 Figure 4. Global FM Software Forecasted Market Size Share by Region (2022-2027) Figure 5. North America FM Software Market Size (US$ Million) Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 6. Europe FM Software Market Size (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 7. Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Size (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 8. Latin America FM Software Market Size (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 9. Middle East & Africa FM Software Market Size (US$ Million) and Growth Rate (2016-2027) Figure 10. Global FM Software Market Size Share by Type in 2021 & 2027 Figure 11. Cloud Based Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 12. On-Premises Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 13. Global FM Software Market Size Share by Application in 2021 & 2027 Figure 14. SMEs Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 15. Large Enterprises Market Size (US$ Million) YoY Growth (2016-2027) Figure 16. FM Software Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2016 VS 2020 Figure 17. Global Top 5 and Top 10 Players FM Software Market Share in 2020 Figure 18. North America FM Software Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 19. United States FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 20. Canada FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 21. Germany FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 22. France FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 23. U.K. FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 24. Italy FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 25. Russia FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 26. Nordic FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 27. Rest of Europe FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 28. Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Share by Region (2016-2027) Figure 29. China FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 30. Japan FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. South Korea FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 32. Southeast Asia FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 33. India FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 34. Australia FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 35. Rest of Asia-Pacific FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 36. Latin America FM Software Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 37. Mexico FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 38. Brazil FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 39. Rest of Latin America FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 40. Middle East & Africa FM Software Market Share by Country (2016-2027) Figure 41. Turkey FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 42. Saudi Arabia FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 43. UAE FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 44. Rest of Middle East & Africa FM Software Market Size (2016-2027) & (US$ Million) Figure 45. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 46. Data Triangulation

IBM Oracle SAP Archibus Trimble Broadcom Accruent Planon FM:Systems Ioffice Maintenance Connection MCS Solutions Jadetrack Metricstream Facilities Management Express Emaint Hippo Cmms Apleona FSI Indus Systems Autodesk Nemetschek Archidata Officespace Facilityone Technologies