Global and United States Trade Finance Software Market Report & Forecast 2022-2028

SKU ID :QYR-20913836 | Published Date: 09-May-2022 | No. of pages: 112
1 Study Coverage 1.1 Trade Finance Software Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Introduction 1.2 Global Trade Finance Software Outlook 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.2.1 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size for the Year 2017-2028 1.2.2 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size for the Year 2017-2028 1.3 Trade Finance Software Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.3.1 The Market Share of United States Trade Finance Software in Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.3.2 The Growth Rate of Trade Finance Software Market Size, United States VS Global, 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 1.4 Trade Finance Software Market Dynamics 1.4.1 Trade Finance Software Industry Trends 1.4.2 Trade Finance Software Market Drivers 1.4.3 Trade Finance Software Market Challenges 1.4.4 Trade Finance Software Market Restraints 1.5 Study Objectives 1.6 Years Considered 2 Trade Finance Software by Type 2.1 Trade Finance Software Market Segment by Type 2.1.1 Cloud 2.1.2 On-Premise 2.2 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028) 2.3 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Type (2017-2028) 2.4 United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Type (2017, 2022 & 2028) 2.5 United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Type (2017-2028) 3 Trade Finance Software by Application 3.1 Trade Finance Software Market Segment by Application 3.1.1 Banks 3.1.2 Traders 3.1.3 Others 3.2 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028) 3.3 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Application (2017-2028) 3.4 United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Application (2017, 2022 & 2028) 3.5 United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Application (2017-2028) 4 Global Trade Finance Software Competitor Landscape by Company 4.1 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Company 4.1.1 Top Global Trade Finance Software Companies Ranked by Revenue (2021) 4.1.2 Global Trade Finance Software Revenue by Player (2017-2022) 4.2 Global Trade Finance Software Concentration Ratio (CR) 4.2.1 Trade Finance Software Market Concentration Ratio (CR) (2017-2022) 4.2.2 Global Top 5 and Top 10 Largest Companies of Trade Finance Software in 2021 4.2.3 Global Trade Finance Software Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) 4.3 Global Trade Finance Software Headquarters, Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Type 4.3.1 Global Trade Finance Software Headquarters and Area Served 4.3.2 Global Trade Finance Software Companies Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Type 4.3.3 Date of International Companies Enter into Trade Finance Software Market 4.4 Companies Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans 4.5 United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Company 4.5.1 Top Trade Finance Software Players in United States, Ranked by Revenue (2021) 4.5.2 United States Trade Finance Software Revenue by Players (2020, 2021 & 2022) 5 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Region 5.1 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Region: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 5.2 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Region (2017-2028) 5.2.1 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Region: 2017-2022 5.2.2 Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Region (2023-2028) 6 Segment in Region Level & Country Level 6.1 North America 6.1.1 North America Trade Finance Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.1.2 North America Trade Finance Software Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.1.3 United States 6.1.4 Canada 6.2 Asia-Pacific 6.2.1 Asia-Pacific Trade Finance Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.2.2 Asia-Pacific Trade Finance Software Market Facts & Figures by Region (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.2.3 China 6.2.4 Japan 6.2.5 South Korea 6.2.6 India 6.2.7 Australia 6.2.8 China Taiwan 6.2.9 Indonesia 6.2.10 Thailand 6.2.11 Malaysia 6.3 Europe 6.3.1 Europe Trade Finance Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.3.2 Europe Trade Finance Software Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.3.3 Germany 6.3.4 France 6.3.5 U.K. 6.3.6 Italy 6.3.7 Russia 6.4 Latin America 6.4.1 Latin America Trade Finance Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.4.2 Latin America Trade Finance Software Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.4.3 Mexico 6.4.4 Brazil 6.4.5 Argentina 6.5 Middle East and Africa 6.5.1 Middle East and Africa Trade Finance Software Market Size YoY Growth 2017-2028 6.5.2 Middle East and Africa Trade Finance Software Market Facts & Figures by Country (2017, 2022 & 2028) 6.5.3 Turkey 6.5.4 Saudi Arabia 6.5.5 UAE 7 Company Profiles 7.1 AWPL 7.1.1 AWPL Company Details 7.1.2 AWPL Business Overview 7.1.3 AWPL Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.1.4 AWPL Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.1.5 AWPL Recent Development 7.2 BT Systems, LLC. 7.2.1 BT Systems, LLC. Company Details 7.2.2 BT Systems, LLC. Business Overview 7.2.3 BT Systems, LLC. Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.2.4 BT Systems, LLC. Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.2.5 BT Systems, LLC. Recent Development 7.3 CGI INC. 7.3.1 CGI INC. Company Details 7.3.2 CGI INC. Business Overview 7.3.3 CGI INC. Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.3.4 CGI INC. Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.3.5 CGI INC. Recent Development 7.4 China Systems 7.4.1 China Systems Company Details 7.4.2 China Systems Business Overview 7.4.3 China Systems Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.4.4 China Systems Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.4.5 China Systems Recent Development 7.5 Comarch SA 7.5.1 Comarch SA Company Details 7.5.2 Comarch SA Business Overview 7.5.3 Comarch SA Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.5.4 Comarch SA Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.5.5 Comarch SA Recent Development 7.6 Finastra 7.6.1 Finastra Company Details 7.6.2 Finastra Business Overview 7.6.3 Finastra Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.6.4 Finastra Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.6.5 Finastra Recent Development 7.7 IBSFINtech 7.7.1 IBSFINtech Company Details 7.7.2 IBSFINtech Business Overview 7.7.3 IBSFINtech Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.7.4 IBSFINtech Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.7.5 IBSFINtech Recent Development 7.8 ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD 7.8.1 ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Company Details 7.8.2 ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Business Overview 7.8.3 ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.8.4 ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.8.5 ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Recent Development 7.9 MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA 7.9.1 MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Company Details 7.9.2 MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Business Overview 7.9.3 MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.9.4 MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.9.5 MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Recent Development 7.10 Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. 7.10.1 Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Company Details 7.10.2 Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Business Overview 7.10.3 Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.10.4 Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.10.5 Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Recent Development 7.11 Persistent Systems 7.11.1 Persistent Systems Company Details 7.11.2 Persistent Systems Business Overview 7.11.3 Persistent Systems Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.11.4 Persistent Systems Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.11.5 Persistent Systems Recent Development 7.12 Surecomp 7.12.1 Surecomp Company Details 7.12.2 Surecomp Business Overview 7.12.3 Surecomp Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.12.4 Surecomp Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.12.5 Surecomp Recent Development 7.13 Oracle 7.13.1 Oracle Company Details 7.13.2 Oracle Business Overview 7.13.3 Oracle Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.13.4 Oracle Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.13.5 Oracle Recent Development 7.14 Intellect Design 7.14.1 Intellect Design Company Details 7.14.2 Intellect Design Business Overview 7.14.3 Intellect Design Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.14.4 Intellect Design Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.14.5 Intellect Design Recent Development 7.15 BELLIN 7.15.1 BELLIN Company Details 7.15.2 BELLIN Business Overview 7.15.3 BELLIN Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.15.4 BELLIN Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.15.5 BELLIN Recent Development 7.16 SAP 7.16.1 SAP Company Details 7.16.2 SAP Business Overview 7.16.3 SAP Trade Finance Software Introduction 7.16.4 SAP Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) 7.16.5 SAP Recent Development 8 Research Findings and Conclusion 9 Appendix 9.1 Research Methodology 9.1.1 Methodology/Research Approach 9.1.2 Data Source 9.2 Author Details 9.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables Table 1. Trade Finance Software Market Size United States VS Global, CAGR (2017 VS 2022 VS 2028) Table 2. Trade Finance Software Market Trends Table 3. Trade Finance Software Market Drivers Table 4. Trade Finance Software Market Challenges Table 5. Trade Finance Software Market Restraints Table 6. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million) Table 7. United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Type: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million) Table 8. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million) Table 9. United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Application: 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 (US$ Million) Table 10. Top Trade Finance Software Companies in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021) Table 11. Global Trade Finance Software Revenue by Player, (US$ Million), 2017-2022 Table 12. Global Trade Finance Software Revenue Share by Player, 2017-2022 Table 13. Global Trade Finance Software Companies Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI) Table 14. Global Trade Finance Software by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Trade Finance Software as of 2021) Table 15. Top Players of Trade Finance Software in Global Market, Headquarters and Area Served Table 16. Companies Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Type Table 17. Date of International Companies Enter into Trade Finance Software Market Table 18. Companies Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table 19. Top Trade Finance Software Players in United States Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021) Table 20. United States Trade Finance Software Revenue by Players, (US$ Million), 2020, 2021 & 2022 Table 21. United States Trade Finance Software Revenue Share by Players, 2020, 2021 & 2022 Table 22. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Region (US$ Million): 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 Table 23. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Region (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 24. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size Forecast by Region (2023-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 25. North America Trade Finance Software Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 26. Asia Pacific Trade Finance Software Sales in Value by Region (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 27. Europe Trade Finance Software Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 28. Latin Americaa Trade Finance Software Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 29. Middle East and Africa Trade Finance Software Sales in Value by Country (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Table 30. AWPL Company Details Table 31. AWPL Business Overview Table 32. AWPL Trade Finance Software Product Table 33. AWPL Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 34. AWPL Recent Development Table 35. BT Systems, LLC. Company Details Table 36. BT Systems, LLC. Business Overview Table 37. BT Systems, LLC. Trade Finance Software Product Table 38. BT Systems, LLC. Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 39. BT Systems, LLC. Recent Development Table 40. CGI INC. Company Details Table 41. CGI INC. Business Overview Table 42. CGI INC. Trade Finance Software Product Table 43. CGI INC. Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 44. CGI INC. Recent Development Table 45. China Systems Company Details Table 46. China Systems Business Overview Table 47. China Systems Trade Finance Software Product Table 48. China Systems Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 49. China Systems Recent Development Table 50. Comarch SA Company Details Table 51. Comarch SA Business Overview Table 52. Comarch SA Trade Finance Software Product Table 53. Comarch SA Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 54. Comarch SA Recent Development Table 55. Finastra Company Details Table 56. Finastra Business Overview Table 57. Finastra Trade Finance Software Product Table 58. Finastra Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 59. Finastra Recent Development Table 60. IBSFINtech Company Details Table 61. IBSFINtech Business Overview Table 62. IBSFINtech Trade Finance Software Product Table 63. IBSFINtech Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 64. IBSFINtech Recent Development Table 65. ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Company Details Table 66. ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Business Overview Table 67. ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Trade Finance Software Product Table 68. ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 69. ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Recent Development Table 70. MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Company Details Table 71. MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Business Overview Table 72. MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Trade Finance Software Product Table 73. MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 74. MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Recent Development Table 75. Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Company Details Table 76. Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Business Overview Table 77. Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Trade Finance Software Product Table 78. Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 79. Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Recent Development Table 80. Persistent Systems Company Details Table 81. Persistent Systems Business Overview Table 82. Persistent Systems Trade Finance Software Product Table 83. Persistent Systems Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 84. Persistent Systems Recent Development Table 85. Surecomp Company Details Table 86. Surecomp Business Overview Table 87. Surecomp Trade Finance Software Product Table 88. Surecomp Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 89. Surecomp Recent Development Table 90. Oracle Company Details Table 91. Oracle Business Overview Table 92. Oracle Trade Finance Software Product Table 93. Oracle Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 94. Oracle Recent Development Table 95. Intellect Design Company Details Table 96. Intellect Design Business Overview Table 97. Intellect Design Trade Finance Software Product Table 98. Intellect Design Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 99. Intellect Design Recent Development Table 100. BELLIN Company Details Table 101. BELLIN Business Overview Table 102. BELLIN Trade Finance Software Product Table 103. BELLIN Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 104. BELLIN Recent Development Table 105. SAP Company Details Table 106. SAP Business Overview Table 107. SAP Trade Finance Software Product Table 108. SAP Revenue in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) & (US$ Million) Table 109. SAP Recent Development Table 110. Research Programs/Design for This Report Table 111. Key Data Information from Secondary Sources Table 112. Key Data Information from Primary Sources List of Figures Figure 1. Trade Finance Software Product Picture Figure 2. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 Figure 3. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 4. United States Trade Finance Software Market Size, (US$ Million), 2017 VS 2022 VS 2028 Figure 5. United States Trade Finance Software Market Size 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 6. United States Trade Finance Software Market Share in Global 2017-2028 Figure 7. Trade Finance Software Report Years Considered Figure 8. Product Picture of Cloud Figure 9. Product Picture of On-Premise Figure 10. Global Trade Finance Software Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028 Figure 11. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 12. Global Trade Finance Software Market Share by Type (2017-2028) Figure 13. United States Trade Finance Software Market Share by Type in 2022 & 2028 Figure 14. United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Type (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 15. United States Trade Finance Software Market Share by Type (2017-2028) Figure 16. Product Picture of Banks Figure 17. Product Picture of Traders Figure 18. Product Picture of Others Figure 19. Global Trade Finance Software Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028 Figure 20. Global Trade Finance Software Market Size by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 21. Global Trade Finance Software Market Share by Application (2017-2028) Figure 22. United States Trade Finance Software Market Share by Application in 2022 & 2028 Figure 23. United States Trade Finance Software Market Size by Application (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 24. United States Trade Finance Software Market Share by Application (2017-2028) Figure 25. North America Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 26. United States Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 27. Canada Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 28. Europe Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 29. Germany Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 30. France Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. U.K. Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 32. Italy Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 33. Russia Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 34. Asia-Pacific Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 35. China Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 36. Japan Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 37. South Korea Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 38. India Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 39. Australia Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 40. China Taiwan Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 41. Indonesia Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 42. Thailand Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 43. Malaysia Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 44. Latin America Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 45. Mexico Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 46. Brazil Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 47. Argentina Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 48. Middle East & Africa Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate 2017-2028 (US$ Million) Figure 49. Turkey Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 51. UAE Trade Finance Software Market Size Growth Rate (2017-2028) & (US$ Million) Figure 52. AWPL Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 53. BT Systems, LLC. Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 54. CGI INC. Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 55. China Systems Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 56. Comarch SA Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 57. Finastra Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 58. IBSFINtech Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 59. ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 60. MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 61. Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 62. Persistent Systems Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 63. Surecomp Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 64. Oracle Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 65. Intellect Design Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 66. BELLIN Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 67. SAP Revenue Growth Rate in Trade Finance Software Business (2017-2022) Figure 68. Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report Figure 69. Data Triangulation Figure 70. Key Executives Interviewed
AWPL BT Systems, LLC. CGI INC. China Systems Comarch SA Finastra IBSFINtech ICS FINANCIAL SYSTEMS LTD MITech - Make Intuitive Tech SA Newgen Software Technologies Ltd. Persistent Systems Surecomp Oracle Intellect Design BELLIN SAP
  • PRICE
  • $4350
    $8700
    $5075
    Buy Now

Our Clients