Table of Content 1 Bitcoin Exchange Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview 1.2 Market Segmentation 1.2.1 Market by Types 1.2.2 Market by Applications 1.2.3 Market by Regions 1.3 Global Bitcoin Exchange Market Size (2018-2028) 1.3.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2028) 1.3.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2028) 1.4 Research Method and Logic 1.4.1 Research Method 1.4.2 Research Data Source 2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Market Historic Revenue ($) and Sales Volume Segment by Type 2.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Revenue ($) by Type (2018-2023) 2.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Sales Volume by Type (2018-2023) 2.3 Pay To Public Key Hash Sales and Price (2018-2023) 2.4 Pay To Public Key Sales and Price (2018-2023) 2.5 Pay To Script Hash Sales and Price (2018-2023) 3 Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Revenue ($) and Sales Volume by Application (2018-2023) 3.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Revenue ($) by Application (2018-2023) 3.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Sales Volume by Application (2018-2023) 3.3 E-Commerce Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 3.4 Retail Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 3.5 Investment Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 4 Market Dynamic and Trends 4.1 Industry Development Trends under Global Inflation 4.2 Impact of Russia and Ukraine War 4.3 Driving Factors for Bitcoin Exchange Market 4.4 Factors Challenging the Market 4.5 Opportunities 4.6 Risk Analysis 4.7 Industry News and Policies by Regions 4.7.1 Bitcoin Exchange Industry News 4.7.2 Bitcoin Exchange Industry Policies 5 Global Bitcoin Exchange Market Revenue ($) and Sales Volume by Major Regions 5.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume by Region (2018-2023) 5.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Market Revenue ($) by Region (2018-2023) 6 Global Bitcoin Exchange Import Volume and Export Volume by Major Regions 6.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Import Volume by Region (2018-2023) 6.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Export Volume by Region (2018-2023) 7 North America Bitcoin Exchange Market Current Status (2018-2023) 7.1 Overall Market Size Analysis (2018-2023) 7.1.1 North America Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 7.1.2 North America Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 7.2 North America Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation 7.3 North America Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) 7.4 United States 7.4.1 United States Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 7.5 Canada 7.5.1 Canada Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 8 Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Market Current Status (2018-2023) 8.1 Overall Market Size Analysis (2018-2023) 8.1.1 Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 8.1.2 Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 8.2 Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation 8.3 Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) 8.4 China 8.4.1 China Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 8.5 Japan 8.5.1 Japan Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 8.6 India 8.6.1 India Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 8.7 South Korea 8.7.1 South Korea Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 8.8 Southeast Asia 8.8.1 Southeast Asia Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) 8.9 Australia 8.9.1 Australia Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9 Europe Bitcoin Exchange Market Current Status (2018-2023) 9.1 Overall Market Size Analysis (2018-2023) 9.1.1 Europe Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9.2.1 Europe Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9.2 Europe Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation 9.3 Europe Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) 9.4 Germany 9.4.1 Germany Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9.5 France 9.5.1 France Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9.6 United Kingdom 9.6.1 United Kingdom Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9.7 Italy 9.7.1 Italy Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9.8 Spain 9.8.1 Spain Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9.9 Russia 9.9.1 Russia Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 9.10 Poland 9.10.1 Poland Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 10 Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Market Current Status (2018-2023) 10.1 Overall Market Size Analysis (2018-2023) 10.1.1 Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 10.1.2 Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 10.2 Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation 10.3 Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) 10.4 Mexico 10.4.1 Mexico Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 10.5 Brazil 10.5.1 Brazil Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 10.6 Argentina 10.6.1 Argentina Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 11 Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Market Current Status (2018-2023) 11.1 Overall Market Size Analysis (2018-2023) 11.1.1 Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 11.2.1 Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 11.2 Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation 11.3 Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) 11.4 GCC Countries 11.4.1 GCC Countries Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 11.5 Africa 11.5.1 Africa Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) 12 Market Competition Analysis and Key Companies Profiles 12.1 Market Competition by Key Players 12.1.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Market Share of Key Players 12.1.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Market Share of Key Players 12.1.3 Global Bitcoin Exchange Average Price by Players 12.1.4 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion 12.2 BitMEX Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.2.1 Company Profiles 12.2.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.2.3 BitMEX Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.3 Binance Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.3.1 Company Profiles 12.3.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.3.3 Binance Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.4 Huobi Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.4.1 Company Profiles 12.4.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.4.3 Huobi Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.5 Coinw Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.5.1 Company Profiles 12.5.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.5.3 Coinw Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.6 Upbit Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.6.1 Company Profiles 12.6.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.6.3 Upbit Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.7 Bittrex Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.7.1 Company Profiles 12.7.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.7.3 Bittrex Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.8 OKEx Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.8.1 Company Profiles 12.8.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.8.3 OKEx Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.9 Bitstamp Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.9.1 Company Profiles 12.9.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.9.3 Bitstamp Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.10 Kex Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.10.1 Company Profiles 12.10.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.10.3 Kex Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.11 Bitfinex Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.11.1 Company Profiles 12.11.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.11.3 Bitfinex Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.12 Bithumb Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.12.1 Company Profiles 12.12.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.12.3 Bithumb Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 12.13 BTCC Market Performance and Business Analysis 12.13.1 Company Profiles 12.13.2 Product Profiles and Application 12.13.3 BTCC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) 13 Value Chain of the Bitcoin Exchange Market 13.1 Value Chain Status 13.1.1 Value Chain Status Under Global Inflation 13.2 Key Raw Materials and Suppliers 13.2.1 Key Raw Materials Introduction 13.2.2 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials 13.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis 13.3.1 Production Process Analysis 13.3.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Bitcoin Exchange 13.3.3 Raw Material Cost of Bitcoin Exchange 13.3.4 Labor Cost of Bitcoin Exchange 13.4 Major Distributors by Region 13.5 Customer Analysis 14 New Project Feasibility Analysis 14.1 Industry Barriers and New Entrants SWOT Analysis 14.2 Analysis and Suggestions on New Project Investment 15 Global Bitcoin Exchange Market Revenue ($) and Sales Volume Forecast Segment by Type, Application and Region 15.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2023-2028) 15.1.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Forecast by Type (2023-2028) 15.1.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2023-2028) 15.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028) 15.2.1 Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Forecast by Application (2023-2028) 15.2.2 Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028) 15.3 Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028) 15.4 Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Forecast by Region (2023-2028) 16 Research Findings and Conclusion

List of Tables and Figures Figure Bitcoin Exchange Picture Table Bitcoin Exchange Definition Table Description and Definitions Figure Pay To Public Key Hash Features Figure Pay To Public Key Features Figure Pay To Script Hash Features Table Description and Definitions Figure E-Commerce Figure Retail Figure Investment Figure North America Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2028) Figure Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2028) Figure Europe Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2028) Figure Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2028) Figure Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2028) Figure Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2028) Figure Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2028) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Revenue ($) by Type (2018-2023) (Million USD) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Revenue ($) Share by Type (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Sales Volume by Type (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Sales Volume Share by Type (2018-2023) Figure Global Pay To Public Key Hash Sales and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Global Pay To Public Key Hash Price (2018-2023) Figure Global Pay To Public Key Sales and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Global Pay To Public Key Price (2018-2023) Figure Global Pay To Script Hash Sales and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Global Pay To Script Hash Price (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Revenue ($) by Application (2018-2023) (Million USD) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Revenue ($) Share by Application (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Sales Volume by Application (2018-2023) (Million USD) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Historic Sales Volume Share by Application (2018-2023) Figure Global E-Commerce Sales and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Global E-Commerce Revenue and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Global Retail Sales and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Global Retail Revenue and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Global Investment Sales and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Global Investment Revenue and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Table Industry Development Trends under Global Inflation Table Impact of Russia and Ukraine War Table Driving Factors for Bitcoin Exchange Market Table Factors Challenging the Market Table Opportunities Table Risk Analysis Table Industry News by Regions Table Industry Policies by Regions Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume by Region (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Share by Region (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Market Revenue ($) by Region (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Market Revenue ($) Share by Region (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Import Volume by Region (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Export Volume by Region (2018-2023) Figure North America Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure North America Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Table North America Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation Table North America Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) Table North America Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume by Country (2018-2023) Figure United States Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Canada Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Table Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation Table Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) Table Asia Pacific Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume by Country (2018-2023) Figure China Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Japan Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure India Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure South Korea Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Table Southeast Asia Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) Figure Australia Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Europe Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Europe Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Table Europe Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation Table Europe Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) Table Europe Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume by Country (2018-2023) Figure Germany Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure France Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure United Kingdom Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Italy Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Spain Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Russia Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Poland Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Table Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation Table Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) Table Latin America Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume by Country (2018-2023) Figure Mexico Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Brazil Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Argentina Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Table Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Market Trends Analysis Under Global Inflation Table Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) by Country (2018-2023) Table Middle East and Africa Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume by Country (2018-2023) Figure GCC Countries Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Figure Africa Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) of Key Players (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Share of Key Players (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume of Key Players (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Share of Key Players (2018-2023) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Average Price of Key Players (2018-2023) Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans Table BitMEX Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table BitMEX Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure BitMEX Production and Growth Rate Figure BitMEX Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Binance Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Binance Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Binance Production and Growth Rate Figure Binance Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Huobi Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Huobi Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Huobi Production and Growth Rate Figure Huobi Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Coinw Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Coinw Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Coinw Production and Growth Rate Figure Coinw Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Upbit Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Upbit Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Upbit Production and Growth Rate Figure Upbit Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Bittrex Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Bittrex Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Bittrex Production and Growth Rate Figure Bittrex Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table OKEx Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table OKEx Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure OKEx Production and Growth Rate Figure OKEx Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Bitstamp Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Bitstamp Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Bitstamp Production and Growth Rate Figure Bitstamp Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Kex Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Kex Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Kex Production and Growth Rate Figure Kex Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Bitfinex Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Bitfinex Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Bitfinex Production and Growth Rate Figure Bitfinex Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table Bithumb Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table Bithumb Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure Bithumb Production and Growth Rate Figure Bithumb Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Table BTCC Company Profiles Table Product Profiles and Application Table BTCC Market Performance Analysis (Revenue ($), Sales Volume, Price, Gross, Gross Margin) Figure BTCC Production and Growth Rate Figure BTCC Value ($) Market Share 2018-2023 Figure Industry Chain Analysis of Bitcoin Exchange Table Value Chain Status Under Global Inflation Table Key Raw Materials Introduction Table Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Bitcoin Exchange with Contact Information Figure Production Process of Bitcoin Exchange Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Bitcoin Exchange Table Major Distributors of Bitcoin Exchange with Contact Information Table Major Downstream Buyers of Bitcoin Exchange with Contact Information Figure Industry Resource/Technology/Labor Importance Analysis Table New Entrants SWOT Analysis Table New Project Analysis of Investment Recovery Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Forecast by Type (2023-2028) (Million USD) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2023-2028) (Million USD) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Forecast by Application (2023-2028) (Million USD) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2023-2028) (Million USD) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2023-2028) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Forecast by Region (2023-2028) Table Global Bitcoin Exchange Revenue ($) Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)